[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/tajemstvi-pocitacovych-siti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/tajemstvi-pocitacovych-siti\/","headline":"Tajemstv\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed","name":"Tajemstv\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed","description":"V\u011bt\u0161inu z n\u00e1s by ani nenapadlo, jak slo\u017eit\u00fdm procesem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provoz po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Obecn\u011b n\u00e1m tato s\u00ed\u0165 uskute\u010d\u0148uje vz\u00e1jemnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma \u010di v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Od roku 2017 je v\u011bt\u0161ina s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159ipojena ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 s\u00edti „Internet“, kter\u00e1 pro sv\u016fj provoz vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f protokol\u016f TCP\/IP. O t\u011bch se zm\u00edn\u00edm pozd\u011bji. \u00a0 N\u011bco […]","datePublished":"2023-05-06","dateModified":"2023-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16435f0a6c9262449b9ebb39f63178cd65c54b09f931b6f84682f48086e3d763?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16435f0a6c9262449b9ebb39f63178cd65c54b09f931b6f84682f48086e3d763?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ochmt.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302485_w2157_t1512416945.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302485_w2157_t1512416945.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/tajemstvi-pocitacovych-siti\/","wordCount":426,"articleBody":"V\u011bt\u0161inu z n\u00e1s by ani nenapadlo, jak slo\u017eit\u00fdm procesem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provoz po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Obecn\u011b n\u00e1m tato s\u00ed\u0165 uskute\u010d\u0148uje vz\u00e1jemnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma \u010di v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Od roku 2017 je v\u011bt\u0161ina s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159ipojena ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 s\u00edti „Internet“, kter\u00e1 pro sv\u016fj provoz vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f protokol\u016f TCP\/IP. O t\u011bch se zm\u00edn\u00edm pozd\u011bji.\u00a0\tN\u011bco m\u00e1lo o historiiP\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem s\u00edt\u00ed se informace mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010di \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby. Dost mo\u017en\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch p\u0159enos\u016f byl p\u0159enos dat pomoc\u00ed disket, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m uchov\u00e1vali oproti dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b zlomek toho, co dne\u0161n\u00ed harddisky. Nej\u010dast\u011bji 1,1 – 2,88 mb. Pot\u00e9 byly vytla\u010dov\u00e1ny lep\u0161\u00edmi a rychlej\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di informac\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad CD a DVD disky. Spolu s nimi se za\u010dali objevovat i s\u00edt\u011b.\tDruhy s\u00edt\u00ed\u00a0Jednou z prvn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvat byly s\u00edt\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u00ed, ve zkratce“LAN“. Ty byly ze za\u010d\u00e1tku pro maxim\u00e1ln\u011b deset po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Dnes u\u017e jsou v\u0161ak tyto s\u00edt\u011b na daleko lep\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b se s nimi m\u016f\u017eeme setkat u men\u0161\u00edch firem \u010di v\u00edcepodla\u017en\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Je zde v\u0161ak nutn\u00e1 podm\u00ednka a to, \u017ee mus\u00ed m\u00edt v\u0161echny po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v t\u00e9to s\u00edti stejn\u00fd protokol. Pak tu m\u00e1me s\u00edt\u011b metropolitn\u00ed\u00a0 ve zkratce „MAN“, ty jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 s vysokou rychlost\u00ed a dosahem a\u017e 80 km. Podporuj\u00ed data a hlas. Jako posledn\u00ed zde uv\u00e1d\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b rozlehl\u00e9 ve zkratce „WAN“. Se zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1rok\u016f na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dosah byla vytvo\u0159eny s\u00edt\u011b rozlehl\u00e9, jen\u017e mohou propojovat a\u017e des\u00edtky u\u017eivatel\u016f.\u00a0\tP\u00e1r protokol\u016f nakonec\u00a0Aby v\u0161e fungovalo jak m\u00e1, tak mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi prvky skv\u011bl\u00e1 a bezchybn\u00e1 komunikace. To m\u00e1 na starost „S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 architektura“. Ta m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b ur\u010dit\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 funkce. Ty n\u00e1m pak pr\u00e1v\u011b definuj\u00ed protokoly. \u0158e\u010deno jednodu\u0161eji, protokoly jsou ur\u010dit\u00e1 pravidla podle kter\u00fdch doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke komunikaci a v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi vrstvami. Proto jsou protokoly tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi protokoly jsou sady protokol\u016f TCP\/IP.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.3\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Tajemstv\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.ochmt.cz\/tajemstvi-pocitacovych-siti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]